浙江大学林展教授课题组受邀在《储能科学与技术》发表锂硫电池碳基材料综述

随着能源危机与环境污染的加剧，新能源电动汽车的推广与应用越发受到重视，要求动力电池拥有更高的能量密度与功率密度。锂硫电池，由于其拥有5倍于锂离子电池的能量密度(2500 vs. 500 Wh/kg)，是下一代新能源汽车动力电池的理想选择之一。在负极材料体系中，碳基材料已经被广泛用于高性能锂硫电池的开发与应用。基于林展教授课题组在锂硫电池领域的研究基础，《储能科学与技术》杂志邀请其对近期的碳基材料在锂硫电池领域的最新进展进行文献综述。在该综述文章中，近年来最新的锂硫电池中碳质材料的应用研究及前沿进展，包括硫/碳复合物、柔性自支撑电池和碳质锂硫电池负极都得到很好地总结与归纳，同时分析了改性碳基材料对锂硫电池性能提升的作用机理，展望了锂硫电池将来可能的发展方向。博士生李高然为论文第一作者，论文引文索引为doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4239.2016.02.004。

文章摘要：

随着能源和环境问题的日益突出以及电子电动设备的迅猛发展，传统锂离子电池已经越来越难以满足人们对于高能量密度电池的需求。锂硫电池因其能量密度高、成本低以及无污染等优点，被认为是极有潜力的下一代高能量密度储能体系。然而由于锂硫电池中正极材料电子、离子电导率低，充放电过程中电极体积变化大，聚硫化物等中间产物的溶解和伴随的“穿梭效应”以及锂负极的使用所带来的锂枝晶等一系列问题，导致锂硫电池的循环寿命差，阻碍其产业化的应用发展。锂硫电池体系中碳质材料的引入可以提高材料导电性，缓冲体积变化，抑制聚硫化物穿梭，是提高其电化学性能的有效手段。本文综述了近年来最新的锂硫电池中碳质材料的应用研究进展，包括硫/碳复合物、柔性自支撑电池和碳质锂硫电池负极，分析了其对锂硫电池性能提升的作用机理，并展望了锂硫电池将来可能的发展方向。

Abstract:

Conventional lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries become difficult to satisfy requirements of high-energy batteries due to environmental crisis as well as rapid developments of electronic and electromotive devices. The pursuit of battery system with high-energy density is the research hotspot in the domain of energy storage. Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are considered as one of the most promising energy storage systems due to high energy density, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, the disadvantages of sulfur electrodes such as low electronic/ionic conductivity, large volume change during cycling, the dissolution of intermediates and the concomitant “shuttle effect”, as well as dentrite formation in lithium anodes, hinder the commercialization of Li-S batteries. The employment of carbon-based materials in Li-S systems increases the electrode conductivity, buffers the volume change, and inhibits the polysulfide shuttle, presenting as an effective strategy in enhancing the electrochemical performance of Li-S batteries. In this paper, we review the most recent development of carbon-based materials applied in Li-S systems, including sulfur/carbon composites, carbon interlayers, self-standing/flexible electrodes and carbon-based anodes, present new insights of connection between carbon structures and improvement of sulfur electrochemical performance, and propose some critical issues in Li-S batteries as well as directions for its future developments.